Posted: 27 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT

This book will provide the reader with an understanding of the principles and practices of testing and balancing (TAB) heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) air and water systems. It is for anyone interested in testing and balancing. For the novice and the experienced testing  and  balancing  technician  it  is  a  field  reference  book  of  procedures, equations, and information tables. For those interested in getting into TAB or are new to the HVAC industry it’s a text for learning more about HVAC systems and testing and balancing. For the mechanical engineer, building owner, facility manager or energy manager this book can be used for teaching TAB, writing more effective specifications, and learning about TAB and how it interacts with system commissioning, indoor air quality and energy management. It is the intent of this book to improve the communications between owners, mechanical engineers, designers, vendors, contractors and TAB engineers, supervisors, and
technicians to ensure that HVAC systems are being properly tested and balanced.

This book is used in test and balance self-study courses, in-house training programs, seminars and other training formats as preparation for TAB certification, and as a text in colleges and technical schools. The fifth edition it is arranged in five parts. Part I has general and specific balancing procedures for constant air volume systems, variable air volume systems, return air systems, and fans and fan performance in Chapters 1 through 9. The six chapters, 10-15, in Part II cover testing and balancing fume hood systems and cleanrooms, commissioning HVAC systems, centrifugal pumps and pump performance, analog and digital controls and water balancing procedures using flow meters, system components and temperatures.
Part III has five terminology chapters covering fans, pumps, air distribution, water distribution, motors, electrical, fluid flow, psychrometrics, refrigeration and instrument usage and care. Part IV, Chapters 21 and 22, are equations and tables. Part V is an Addendum with updated information and additional test and balance procedures
and graphics for Chapters 1 through 7, and Chapters 13 and 14.

Chapter 1  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
General Balancing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
Preliminary Office Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
Preliminary Field Inspection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Preliminary Air Balancing Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Preliminary Office Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
Preliminary Field Inspection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Motor Nameplate Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Drive Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Air Volume Readings
In the Air Handling Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Chapter 3  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Air Balance Procedures Common to All Systems. . . . . . . . .29
Balancing Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Pitot Tube Traverse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Alternate Traverse Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Velocity Pressure Readings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Calculating Air Volume  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Density Corrections  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Totaling the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Chapter 4  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Balancing Constant Volume Low Pressure Systems  . . . . . . .49
Instrumentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Proportionally Balancing
Low Pressure Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Chapter 5  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Balancing Constant Volume Multizone, Dual Duct, and
Induction Systems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Multizone (Mz) Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Proportionally Balancing Zones  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Dual Duct (DD) Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Induction Systems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Chapter 6  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Balancing Variable Air Volume Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Types of Vav Systems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Balancing Pressure Independent Systems. . . . . . . . . . .74
Balancing Pressure Dependent Systems. . . . . . . . . . . .78
Combination Systems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
VAV Troubleshooting Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Chapter 7  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Setting Outside Air, Checking Economizer Operation,
and Changing Fan Speed and Drive Components. . . . . . .87
Outside Air Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Setting Outside Air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Checking Economizer Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Calculating Fan Speed Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Example Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Tip Speed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Additional Drive Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Calculating Belt Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Changing Drive Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Final Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Chapter 8  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Balancing Return Air and Toilet Exhaust Systems  . . . . . . . .97
Return Air Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Toilet Exhaust Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter 9  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Fans, Fan Performance Curves, and Duct System Curves  . . . 103
Fan Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Fan Designations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Fan Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Axial Fans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Centrifugal Fans  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Special Design Fans  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Fan Performance Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  112
Fan Classes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Fan Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  114
Multiple Fan Arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  114
Duct System Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  115
Fan Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  117
Outlet Conditions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Inlet Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  119
PART II
Chapter 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Testing and Balancing Fume Hood Systems. . . . . . . . . . . 123
Laboratory HVAC System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Laboratory Fume Hoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Testing and Balancing Laboratory Fume Hoods  . . . . . . 128
Troubleshooting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Chapter 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Testing and Balancing Cleanrooms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Cleanrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Air System Test and Balance
Requirements, Procedures and Reports. . . . . . . . . . 142
Cleanroom Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Cleanroom Test and Balance
Requirements, Procedures and Reports. . . . . . . . . . 148
Chapter 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
HVAC Commissioning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
What Is HVAC Commissioning?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Is There a Need for Experts in HVAC Commissioning?.  . 153
HVAC Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
The HVAC Commissioning Team  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
The Test Engineer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
The HVAC Commissioning Process  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Tab and HVAC Commissioning Schedules  . . . . . . . . . 155
Job Site Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Field Test Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Field Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Chapter 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Water Balance Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Balancing Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Proportional Balancing Using Direct
Measurement Flow Meters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Proportional Balancing
Using Differential Pressure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Proportional Balancing
Using Differential Temperatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Chapter 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Centrifugal Pumps and Pipe Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Centrifugal Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Pump Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Multiple Pump Arrangements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Pump Performance Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Pipe System Curves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Operating Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Multiple Pump Arrangements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Net Positive Suction Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Primary-Secondary Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Chapter 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Analog and Digital Automatic Controls  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Automatic Control System  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Automatic Control Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Analog Controls  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Pneumatic, Electric and Direct Digital Controls. . . . . . . 198
Digital Control  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Direct Digital Control Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
DDC Controllers, Control Logic and Control Response.  . 201
Variable Air Volume DDC Controls  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Testing and Balancing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
PART III
Chapter 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Fluid Flow, Psychrometric, and Refrigeration Terminology.  . 209
Fluid Flow Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Psychrometric Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Refrigeration Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Chapter 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Air Systems: Distribution, Components
and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Chapter 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Water Systems: Distribution, Components
and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Chapter 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Fan, Pump, Drive, Motor, and Electrical Terminology  . . . . . 249
Fan Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Pump Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Drive Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Motor Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Electrical Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Chapter 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Instruments and Instrument Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Care and Use of Instruments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Common Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Air Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Electrical Instruments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Rotational Speed Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Temperature Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Water Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
PARTIV
Chapter 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Equations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Airflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Belts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Duct. . . . . . . . . . 289
Drives  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Fans  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Fan Laws  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Fan Laws and Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Heat Transfer—Air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Heat Transfer—Water  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Psychrometrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Pump Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Water Flow  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Chapter 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  311
Tables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Altitude Pressure Table  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
General Conversion Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  311
Water Property Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Table of Cefapp Rules of Thumb, Factors, Etc.  . . . . . . . 313
Conversion Table of Velocity and Velocity Pressures. . . . 317
Table of Associations and Organizations  . . . . . . . . . . 319
PART V
Addendum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Chapter 1—General Balancing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . 325
Chapter 2—Preliminary Air Balancing Procedures. . . . . 340
Chapter 4—Balancing Constant Volume
Low Pressure Systems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Chapter 5—Balancing Constant Volume
Multizone, Dual Duct, and Induction Systems  . . . . . 353
Chapter 6—Balancing Variable Air Volume Systems. . . . 354
Chapter 7—Setting Outside Air,  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Checking Economizer Operation, and
Changing Fan Speed and Drive Components. . . . . . 366
Chapter 13—Water Balance Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . 368
Chapter 14—Centrifugal Pumps and
Hydronic Pipe Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

NGUỒN BÀI VIẾT: (http://www.ebookbkmt.com/)

Facebook Google twitter
Từ khóa:
Cùng Chuyên Mục
Blogger Comments
Facebook Comments

Tin Tức Online
Xem Thêm Tất Cả »
Góc Chia Sẻ
Xem Thêm Tất Cả »
Game - Ứng Dụng Hay Tháng 8
Xem Thêm Tất Cả »
Góc Thư Giản
Xem Thêm Tất Cả »
Bài Viết Ngẫu Nhiên
Copyright © 2016 - All Rights Reserved
Template by Bùi Đạt - Powered by Blogger | SiteMap